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How to Install & Dismantle the Tower Crane?
2010-01-28 11:06:42
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I. Installation
  1. Chassis installation
  Put the chassis on the concrete foundation, tighten the foundation bolts, and measure the levelness of installation position of the standard sections on the chassis to with the tolerance of the levelness within 1.55mm, or otherwise pad compact and stable and inflexible steel plates on the contact surface between the chassis and foundation and make it level. And then screw up the foundation bolts (with two screw nuts against loosening).
  2. The installation of the basic sections, standard sections, and rack assembly
  Connect the three basic sections with high-strength bolts and hoist on the chassis, and joint 8 high strength bolts with the basic sections and the chassis (the direction of basic sections with tread should be in line with that of balance arm). Hoist the rack assembly after firm connections, and attach the high-strength bolts to the basic sections, and place the oil cylinder and beam on the rack on the side of that with tread. Set the first rest platform on the fifth section and another every four sections upward from the first platform.
  Note: The hydraulic lifting pump can be placed on the bottom platform of the rack near the lifting oil cylinder.
  3. The installation of the bottom rotary platform, turning supports, top rotary platform
  Hoist and put them on the rack assembly and connect with high-strength bolts
  4. The installation of the tower cap
  Install the platform, balustrades, and staircase on the tower cap first on ground; and the jib and balance arm then; and finally, hoist the tower cap on the rotary platform and connect with the top rotary platform with 4 hinge pin and put on the split pin.
  5. The installation of the balance arm assembly
  Assemble the hoisting mechanism and the pull rod of the balance arm on the balance arm on ground. Later, hoist the balance arm (without ear) and connect to the top rotary platform with hinge pin and put on the split pin, then lift slowly until the pull rod of the balance arm and the pull rod of the tower cap are connected with hinge pin and put on the split pin, and finally put down slowly. And finally install the balance weights in accordance with the provisions of the instruction book.
  6. The installation of the driver’s cab
  After the installation of the electrical equipments, hoist the driver’s cab to the front of the right of the top rotary platform and connect with bolts.
  7. The installation of the hoisting assembly
  The installation of the jib must be in accordance with the numbers marked on each jib sections, and wrong or random installation is not allowed. Install the jib in accordance with the marked numbers on the support (about 0.6m high) near the tower crane, and the small derricking trolley on the minimum amplitude place at the bottom of the jib as requested, and wind the amplitude lines based on the instruction book. Then tighten the steel wire rope of the derricking trolley (the amplitude mechanism was installed on the jib sections before leaving factory). Finally, connect the jib with hinge pin and put on the split pin and bundle to the main chord member with iron wires. Check the jib balanced or not, and if not, change the position of the hoisting rope to make it balanced. Hoist the jib assembly to the installation position; connect the holes at the bottom of the jib the holes on the top rotary with hinge pin and put on the split pin. Slowly lift the jib with an automobile until the pull rod of the jib is close to the tower cap; then connect the pull rod of the jib and the pull rod of tower cap with hinge pin and put on the split pin. Lower the jib slowly; cut down the steel rope to let the pull rods in the tensioning state. Check the jib on request and see if there is an upward angle of 1°. If not, change the connection holes of the rods.
  Note: when the installed jib is supported on the ground with supports, it is not allowed that only two ends are supported in the convenience of winding trolley conveying ropes. There are not less than five supports in full length, with each support padded. The supporting on the main chord members on the either side is allowed in the convenience of winding.
  8. The installation of rest balance weights
  Use an automobile to lift the rest balance weights to the rear arm. Wind the steel wire rope in line with requirement of the instruction book and fix to the top of the jib with rope clamp.
  9. The check, wiring and test of all parts
  Check all parts after the installation of the whole machine that the perpendicularity of the tower body should be not more than 4/1000, the split pin should be closed, the tension strength of the high strength bolts sufficient, and main weld line completed. All circuits are energized in line with the requirements of the circuit drawings to start all mechanisms for trial operation. Check all mechanisms and see if their operation is normal or not, and the steel wire rope and sees if its work state is correct or not. If there is friction, it should be eliminated.
  10. Safety & protection devices
  They are mainly stroke limiting stoppers and load limiting stoppers. The stroke limiting stoppers are divided into lifting height stoppers, swinging stoppers, amplitude stoppers. The load limiting stoppers include lifting toque stoppers and lifting weight stoppers.
  The height stoppers should be installed on the hoisting mechanism, the swinging stoppers on swinging mechanism, the amplitude stoppers on amplitude mechanism, the lifting toque stoppers on the tower cap, and lifting weight stoppers on the bottom of the jib.
  The above safety and protection devices must be debugged and qualified prior to use after the installation of the whole machine.
  IV. Jacking and Operation
  The jacking of the tower can be carried out after form trial operation.
  The jacking should be conducted when the wind power is less than grade 4.
  Before jacking, the swinging mechanism is locked to make the jib not turn in the direction of increasing sections.
  In the course of jacking, the tower crane is not allowed to hoist any object.
  If the hydraulic jacking is abnormal, stop it and retract to the oil cylinder, and check jacking obstacle and oil system obstacle.
  1. Preparations before jacking
  (1) Add oil for pump station to the oil tank as stipulated.
  (2) Clean the standard sections, and daub grease on their joints. The standard sections in a row under the jib in the jacking position enable the tower crane not to use the swinging mechanism in the course of jacking and minimize the time of jacking.
  (3) Loosen the cable length to be slightly greater than the total jacking length.
  (4) Rotate the jib to the front of the jacking stock and the balance arm, the back of the stock (the jacking cylinder at the back of the stock) to prevent from rotation in the process of jacking.
  2. Jacking (the swing of the tower crane or hitting by foreign is not allowed in the course of jacking)
  (1) Hoist a standard section on the ground to the platform (pay attention to the position of the climbing claw, at the side near tower body). Drive the load trolley to the middle position of the jib, and put the swinging in the locking state.
  (2) Dismantle the eight M27×300 bolts between the tower body and bottom rotary platform.
  (3) Energize the jacking mechanism, protrude the oil cylinder, and make the hinge pin at the ends of the jacking beam insert in the holes of the climbing claws of the standard sections (the jacking beam must be firmly fixed).
  (4) Jack for 10-15mm. Adjust the jacking balance through changing the position of the load trolley. Check the gap clearance between rolling wheels of the rack and the main limbs of the standard sections (about 2-3mm generally). Stop all operations; and put the cable trolley still.
  (5) Continue jacking until the two hinge pins go up and exceeds the climbing claws, and lower them by maneuvering the handle in opposite direction until they are inserted in the holes of the climbing claws at the same time. Take down the shafts pins of the jacking beam, and retract the oil cylinder to the next climbing claws. Insert the hinge pin at the ends of the jacking beam in the holes of the climbing claws. And continue jacking until the bottom of the standard section of the platform is on the tope of the standard section of the tower body.
  (6) Push the standard section of the platform into the rack, retract the oil cylinder to make the main limbs of the standards section contact each other, and take out the guide wheel. Then lower the oil cylinder to make the main limbs of the bottom rotary platform and the standard sections touch each other. Finally, tighten the bolts of all parts; take out the jacking beam, and retract the oil cylinder.
  (7) Repeat (1)~(6) if it is necessary to heighten the tower body.
  (8) Restore the state of all parts before jacking, and pay special attention to loosening the swinging brake.
  3. After the completion of increasing standard sections, rotate the jib rack to different angles to check the connection of all joints, the chassis and standard sections, the chassis and the foundation bolts loose or not (the above mentioned joints are tightened with two screw nuts).
  II. The Installation of the Wall-attaching Devices
  1. Use The wall-attaching device must be used when the height of the tower crane is higher than free-standing height, in the purpose of improving the stability and rigidity of the tower crane.
  2. Installation
  (1) Embed the embedded parts in the reinforced concrete beams or columns of the building and welded as the diagram required.
  (2) Hoist half frame on the tower body in accordance with the distance of the frame, bundle it with steel wires, and then install the other half. Connect the two half frames with high-strength bolts. Before the frame installation, assemble the working shelf to facilitate the operation of the workers.
  (3) Adjust the frame to make the tower body in the center of the frame.
  (4) Put the jib in the direction of the embedded parts, and move the derricking trolley to make the toque of the tower body balanced.
  (5) Connect one end of the long supporting pole with the joint board with hinge pin and put on the split pin, and hoist and connect other end to the frame with hinge pin and put on the split pin.
  (6) Hoist the short pole, and joint the frame and the joint board with hinge pin and put on the split pin.
  (7) Adjust the frame height to make the whole frame and the poles perpendicular with the tower body; and tighten the screw nuts.
  (8) Wrench the adjustable bolts to make the central line of the tower body perpendicular. Use a theodolite to observe in two directions, and check the side direction perpendicularity not more than 4/1000. When the required perpendicularity is met; screw down the screw nuts of the poles.
  III. Electrical Installation and Use
  1. The electrical installation of the tower crane
  (1) Conduct the electrical installation after the installation of the tower crane (the crane in the installation height), and in accordance with the wiring drawings, connect each control cables, power cables, controllers, cables, and safety lights.
  (2) Check and energize the electric appliances.
  (3) Connect all circuits correctly. Fix the cables reliably to prevent them from being damaged by the tower crane in the operation.
  (4) Check the electrical insulation before energization. The ground insulation resistance of the control circuit of the main circuits should be not less than 0.5 ΜΩ, and that of the ground cable resistance to the tower body not more than 4Ω.
  (5) The main cables (connected with the cab on ground) should be sheathed with cable protection rings before its access into the cab. And suitable length is reserved to guarantee that the tower crane will not damage the cables in the process of swinging and climbing.
  (6) Place all operation mechanisms in the cab at safe positions, the main switch at off position. And then connect the ground electricity powder cables.
  2. Energization and debugging
  (1) Switch the ground electricity power to supply power to the cab, check the three-phase electricity power balanced or not under the voltage of 380V±10%. The ground power system should provide enough capacity to guarantee the formal start and operation of the motors.
  (2) Loosen the height stopper and amplitude stopper, and install the wire ropes of the derricking trolley in concert with the mechanical installation.
  IV. Disassembly of Tower Crane
  1. The disassembly method is basically the same as that of installation, but the procedure order is adverse. The user assigns installation work in accordance with the field situation and the specification on the instruction book, in principle of clear division of labor, unified command and individual responsibility (note: the wind power should be less than grade 4).
  2. The jib is rotated to the direction (namely the side of the rack with opening) of the standard sections, and the rotary part is locked with turning brake to prevent the rotation of the tower crane in the course. Start the trolley and adjust to the balancing position (the same as that of lifting).
  3. Stick out the oil cylinder to 90 % of its whole length, and put the lifting beam position on the tread width near the standard section. It is not allowed to use the tread near the lifting beam position prior to the protrudent cylinder. And the lifting cylinder should not be allowed to bear any force (namely the reading of the hydraulic pressure meter is zero). Insert the hinge pins on the ends of the lifting beam firmly in the holes of the tread.
  4. Take down the high-strength bolts between the standard section 1 and lower rotary platform and between the lower rotary platform and the standard section 2, and install 4 rolling wheels.
  5. Start the hydraulic system to continue protrude the oil cylinder, lift the lifting rack to the gap of 20-30mm between the bottom end of the standard section and the top end of the standard section 2, and protrude the section 1on the platform.
  6. Retract the oil cylinder to lower the rack. At that time, special attention should be made to watching the two axis pins on the rack by special person so as to guarantee their smooth passing through the two climbing claws on the main chord member of the tower crane and the joint of the standard section in the course of rack falling; otherwise the tower crane would collapse. When the hinge pins have passed over, the rack is continuously lowered until the two pins coincide with the circular grooves of the climbing claws of the standard sections at the same time. It is not allowed that that one pin is stressed and the other is not. After the two pins are stressed, stop hydraulic system and observe if the pins, climbing claws and stressed structure are formal or not.
  7. If they are normal, make the oil cylinder be in no stress status. Take out the pins of lifting beam from the climbing claws, and protrude the oil cylinder to the corresponding place of next climbing claws while the axis pins of the lifting beams are inserted to the holes of the climbing claws. Then continuously protrude the cylinder until the pins surpass the climbing claws.
  8. Retract the oil cylinder to let the rack fall. When the top of the standard section 2 coincides with the bottom of the main limb of the bottom rotary platform, use high-strength bolts to connect them firmly. Take out the pins of the lifting beam.
  9. Start the pushing trolley to hoist the standard section 1 off the platform and put it down the ground.
  10. The disassembly of one standard section is completed. Please repeat 2-9 to continue that of other standard sections.
  Note:
  A. In the course of the movement of the oil cylinder, keep the 2-3m distance between the guide wheel and the main chord member of the tower crane, and guarantee the guide wheel run smoothly in the whole course.
  B. For the disassembly of other parts except standard sections, tie a thick rope to the end, and people on the ground maneuver it to prevent the parts from swinging.
  11. After the completion of all standard sections disassembling, the tower crane reaches the preliminary height of the task. If the disconnection continues, disassemble the balance weights on the balance arm first. Take down four balance weights and leave two of them (near to the hoisting mechanism).
  12. Dismantle the control wire line, hoisting steel wire rope, and hoister hook in the direction of the jib, and fix the end of the steel wire rope on the top of the pull rod of the jib.
  13. Use an automobile to hoist the jib with a certain angle; remove the pull rod and fix on the upper chord member of the jib. Lay the jib flat, demolish the axis pins at the bottom of the jib, and finally put the jib on the ground stably (note: the jib should be balanced.)
  14. Disassembly the last two balance weights.
  15. Withdraw the hoisting steel wire rope, disconnect electric wires and all cables, and hoist the balanced arm with certain angle. Dismantle the pull rod of the balance arm and fasten it, and lay the balance arm flat. Then remove the hinge pins at the bottom of the balance arm and put down the balance arm on the ground. (Note: the balance arm must be balanced).
  16. Pull down the rest in order: tower cap part, cab, rotary platform assembly (including rotary body), rack part, the rest of the tower crane body, square rack part, etc.
  17. Take measures to prevent all parts that are put down on the ground from tip-over.
  18. Carry on the disassembly and transportation in accordance with the opposite procedures of the installation.
  Caution:The installation and disconnection of the tower crane must be done strictly in accordance with the instruction book attached. The installation and disassembly solutions are for reference only.

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